Haley v. London Electricity Board, House of Lords, 1964. [1965] A.C. 778, [1964] 3 W.L.R. 479, 3 All E.R. 185.
London, 1956. Haley had been blind for many years due to an accident and used a walking stick to help him get around in the city. He worked as a telephonist for London County Council. Every day, he walked unaccompanied the 100 yards between his home and the bus. On the morning of October 29, the London Electricity Board was excavating a trench in the pavement. Haley walked by. The London Electricity Board's workmen had put up a punner that was only about ankle height as a makeshift barrier in front of the trench. Haley missed the obstacle with his stick and tripped over the obstacle and fell into the hole. Evidence was brought forward at trial to show that there were 7,321 totally blind people registered under the National Assistance Act of 1948 in London and showed that it was statistically "likely" that a blind person would walk by while the work was being done. There was evidence that they usually used little fences to protect against similar kinds of accidents, but that on that particular day, the fences had not been delivered.. Relying on this evidence, the court held that the defendants owed a "measure of care appropriate to the inability or disability of those who are immature or feeble in mind or body" when they knew of or ought to have "anticipate[d] the presence of such persons within the scope and hazard of their own operations"
Parable of the Good Samaritan, Luke 10:25-37
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? He said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou?